Intel汇编语言程序设计(第五版)chapt_03.ppt

Assembly Language for Intel-Based Computers, 5th Edition Chapter 3: Assembly Language Fundamentals Chapter Overview Basic Elements of Assembly Language Example: Adding and Subtracting Integers Assembling, Linking, and Running Programs Defining Data Symbolic Constants Real-Address Mode Programming Basic Elements of Assembly Language Integer constants Integer expressions Character and string constants Reserved words and identifiers Directives and instructions Labels Mnemonics and Operands Comments Examples Integer Constants Optional leading + or – sign binary, decimal, hexadecimal, or octal digits Common radix characters: h – hexadecimal d – decimal b – binary r – encoded real Examples: 30d, 6Ah, 42, 1101b Hexadecimal beginning with letter: 0A5h Integer Expressions Operators and precedence levels: Examples: Character and String Constants Enclose character in single or double quotes A, x ASCII character = 1 byte Enclose strings in single or double quotes ABC xyz Each character occupies a single byte Embedded quotes: Say Goodnight, Gracie Reserved Words and Identifiers Reserved words cannot be used as identifiers Instruction mnemonics, directives, type attributes, operators, predefined symbols See MASM reference in Appendix A Identifiers 1-247 characters, including digits not case sensitive first character must be a letter, _, @, ?, or $ Directives Commands that are recognized and acted upon by the assembler Not part of the Intel instruction set Used to declare code, data areas, select memory model, declare procedures, etc. not case sensitive Different assemblers have different directives NASM not the same as MASM, for example Instructions Assembled into machine code by assembler Executed at runtime by the CPU We use the Intel IA-32 instruction set An instruction contains: Label (optional) Mnemonic (required) Operand (depends on the instruction) Comment (optional) Labels Act as place markers marks the address (offset) of code and data Follow identifer rules Data