多方向太阳能收集控制系统设计.doc

摘 要 在太阳能光伏发电领域，为了降低成本，提高太阳能利用率就必须跟踪太阳。利用廉价的光敏电阻和SPCE061A单片机设计了一种多方向太阳能收集控制系统，实现了大范围高精度地跟踪太阳。分析了太阳运行规律，在综合分析目前各种太阳能发电系统跟踪方法特点的基础上，提出了两级跟踪传感器方案。传统一级跟踪传感器可在一定角度范围内实现高精度跟踪太阳,易出现丢失太阳的情况。为了将跟踪范围扩大，在一级传感器精定位跟踪的基础上，增加了一级传感器进行粗定位跟踪。当跟踪传感器的中轴线与太阳光线的夹角很大时，先采用粗定位传感器跟踪太阳，直到中轴线与太阳光线的夹角在精定位跟踪角度范围内，再采用精定位传感器跟踪太阳，直到传感器跟踪装置的中轴线正对太阳，这样便实现了高精度、多方向太阳能收集。完成了传感器跟踪系统的硬件和软件设计，经试验系统的高度角和方位角跟踪范围达到180°和270°，跟踪精度可以达到1°。两级传感器跟踪装置可用于聚光光伏发电系统、碟式太阳能热发电系统和塔式太阳能热发电系统,具有结构简单、成本低廉等特点。 关键词： Abstract In the solar application system，a solar-tracing device which is simple，inexpensive，but with high precision is being sought．The problem of large range tracing is discussed in this thesis．Then a tracing device composed of light sensors and MCU ,SPCE061A is developed． The tracing of the sun and kinds of working states of the tracing-devices are discussed in this thesis．Analyzing the characteristics of tracing devices being used in kinds of solar generation systems，a tracing device--two level tracing sensors is designed．Exact orientation tracing can be achieved in the limited angle range with one traditional group of sensors．To enlarge the tracing range，another group of sensors should be added which Can carry out rough orientation tracing．When the included angle between the axis of tracing sensors and sun ray is very large，rough orientation sensors start working until the included angle is in the range of exact orientation tracing．Then exact orientation sensors start working until the axis is parallel with the sun ray．As a result，a large range and high precision tracing are realized by the two level tracing sensors．According to the analysis of kinds of functions possessed by the sensor-tracing device，hardware and software design has finished．A simple tracing device is made to make some experiments with the two level tracing sensors，the interpretation of which is that the tracing precision Can achieve 1°and the tracing range is 180°in elevation and 270°in azimuth．This two level sensor-tracing device is not only