TRAFFIC SIMULATION交通仿真.pdfVIP

TRAFFIC SIMULATION BY EDWARD LIEBERMAN18 AJAY K. RATHI 18President, KLD Associates, Inc. 300 Broadway, Huntington Station, NY 11746 CHAPTER 10 - Frequently used Symbols a = acceleration response of follower vehicle to some stimulus f v = instantaneous speed of lead vehicle v = instantaneous speed of follower vehicle f d = projected maximum deceleration rate of lead vehicle d = projected maximum deceleration rate of follower vehicle f R f = reaction time lag of driver in follower vehicle Ii = ith replicate of specified seed, S0 R = ith random number I h = headway separating vehicles (sec) H = mean headway (sec) hmin = minimum headway (sec) R = random number X I = ith observation (sample) of an MOE µx = mean of sample 2 = variance š = estimate of variance tn-1,1-  /2 = upper 1-/2 critical point of the t distribution with n-1 degrees of freedom xj (m) = mean of m observation of jth batch x = grand sample mean across batches N i i = number of replications of the th strategy var(X ) = variance of statistic, X 10. TRAFFIC SIMULATION 10.1 Introduction Simulation modeling is an increasingly popular and effective tool for this purpose as an integral element of the ATMS research for analyzing a wide variety of dynamical problems which are and development activity. not amenable to study by other means. These problems are usually associated with complex processes which can not readily 2. Testing new designs be described in analytical terms. Usually, these processes are Transportation facilities are cos