公共关系和社会.pptVIP

* This new realm of social communication gradually developed its own unique set of norms. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * This new realm of social communication gradually developed its own unique set of norms. * This new realm of social communication gradually developed its own unique set of norms. * * Ever since the early 1960s, Jürgen Habermas has distinguished himself as a social theorist who recognizes the importance of communication processes. He continues to be best known for theories that he first proposed in a book titled The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere, which appeared in 1962. For the last 45 years, he has been refining and extending that book’s arguments. Habermas’s communication theories attempt to classify the wide array of interactions between rationality and power that occur in modern social systems. They also provide a broad and complex perspective on the cultural, the material, and the institutional conditions that either constrain or enable communication. Most communication scholars think of him as a theorist who tries to define how communication ought to work under ideal conditions. This is the normative dimension of his work, and it concerns human efforts to achieve consensus and understanding through communication. (You might notice that he has a cleft palate, and he has mentioned that this is one of his personal reasons for being so concerned with the problem of being understood.) * * According to Habermas’s original account in his Structural Transformation book, the critical public sphere arose as a social and political counterweight to the representative form of publicity that characterized feudal societies. In the representative public sphere of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, the king or the feudal lord asserted his authority over and against the people he ruled. His authority was symbolically backed by the cultural belief that he was divinely sanctioned to rule, and it was materially backed by his power to threat