非谓语动词专题之不定式.docVIP

词法：非谓语动词之不定式 非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但同时仍保留动词的某些特征的动词形式．非谓语动词主要有不定式，动词-ing形式，动词-ed形式三类．它们没有人称和数的变化，但可以有自己的宾语，状语等． 一：动词不定式 动词不定式是指在句中无人称和数的限制，并在句中起着名词，形容词或副词作用的成分．不定式有两种形式，一种是带有不定式符号to的不定式，一种是不带有不定式符号to的不定式，后者又称动词原形．不定式在句中起着名词，形容词或副词的作用，不定式不能作谓语，但它具有动词的一些特征，如可以带有自己的宾语，可有状语修饰等． 不定式的特征 ⑴及物动词的不定式可以跟宾语 eg: I like to read detective stories . ⑵可以被状语修饰 eg: He asked me to say my mane aloud . I was told to drive the car carefully and slowly . ⑶没有人称和数的变化，即不受主语的人称和单、复数的限定或影响 eg: She likes to play the accordion（手风琴） when she was young . ⑷其否定形式是在不定式符号to 前面加not eg: The teacher has told me many times not to come late again . She seems not to have a bright time with her new friends . ⑸不定式的逻辑主语由for或of结构引出 eg: It’s important for us to look into the world .（客观+for） It’s impolite of you to visit him in advance .要去去拜访之前，不提前告诉别人是不礼貌的．（主观+of） 不定式的语法功能 ⑴作主语：不定式在句中作主语，相当于名词或代词的作用 eg: To learn an art is very hard . To master a foreign language calls for a great deal of memory work .掌握一门外语需要大量的记忆性工作． Ｎ：不定式作主语往往用形式主语it替代，然后将不定式置于句尾． eg: It is very hard to learn an art . It calls for a great deal of memory work to master a foreign language . ⑵作表语：不定式作表语表示主语的＂职业，职责或性质＂等 eg: Our duty is to help the young children to grow better . He seemed to know everything about this matter . Ｎ：不定式作表语与情态动词be to do用法存在区别 ⑶作宾语 不定式可以作某些动词的宾语 　eg: I really like to watch football matches . How I wish to see my old friends again . 必背：常用不定式作宾语的动词有：want 、wish 、hope 、offer 、decide 、help 、long 、arrange 、learn 、ask 、refuse 、promise 、pretend 、expect 、dare 、afford 、plan 、manage 、agree 、prepare 、determine 不定式可以作介词的宾语：作介词宾语时，一般情况下需要加上wh-词，besides, except, but这三个词要根据具体的意义和结构运用动词的其他形式，如省略to的不定式或动词-ing形式等 eg: I am interested in what to do but not how to do it . He does everything except go/going to school . I had no choice but to give up this chance to go abroad . I have got nothing to do but depend on myself . ⑷不定式作补足语：有的动词需要运用带符号to的不定式作宾语补足语，有的需要运用不带符号to的不定式作宾语补足语 eg: I told Jeff to join the club , but h