美国退伍军人就业支持法律制度分析-analysis of american veterans employment support legal system.docxVIP

摘要作为世界头号军事强国，美国有着非常完善的退伍军人福利保障制度，其中 的退伍军人就业支持法律制度在经过一百多年的发展后，已臻于完善。而我国退 伍军人就业支持法律制度目前正处于发展的初级阶段，有许多不足之处，对美国 退伍军人就业支持法律制度展开深入的研究，可以为完善我国退伍军人就业支持 制度提供有益借鉴。美国退伍军人就业支持法律制度具有坚实的法理基础，无论是从行政补偿退 伍军人牺牲贡献的角度分析，还是从维护退伍军人就业方面的社会保障权利的角 度分析，抑或是从公民权利与义务的角度分析，它的存在都是合理的。该法律制 度从十九世纪中期开始初具端倪，伴随着战争不断发展完善，在历经了第一次世 界大战、第二次世界大战、朝鲜战争和越南战争后，已经趋于成熟。美国实行招 兵制度改革后，退伍军人就业支持法律制度的内容不断扩充，就业支持的形式也 日益丰富，法律体系臻于完善。美国退伍军人就业支持法律制度的主要内容包括 ： 就业优先政策、教育援助 政策、经济支持政策和就业服务政策。这一法律制度特 点非常鲜明，与市场经济体制相适应、与企业和政府运行机制相协调，法律法规 构造严密、实施效果好，因时顺变、不断发展完善。美国退伍军人就业支持法律 制度启示良多，必须立足我国基本国情，借鉴美国的成功经验，完善我国退伍军 人就业支持法律制度。要致力完善我国退伍军人就业支持法律体系结构，提升我 国退伍军人就业支持法律位阶，实现退伍军人就业支持法律制度与其他相关法律 制度的对接，尽快消除退伍军人就业支持制度中存在的歧视因素。关键词：美国；退伍军人；就业支持；法律制度AbstractRanking first among the world military powers, the United States has developed a comprehensive Veteran Welfare and Security System, in which the regulations aiming at improving employment rate for veterans have become increasingly more completed. The deep search on the US Veteran Employment Support System could throw much light upon issue of the same area of China where it is at its initial stage and lots of efforts are still to be needed.The US Veteran Employment Support System, which is based on solid theoretical foundation and practical experience, refers to a series of laws and regulations legitimated by Federal and States’ legislative, judicial and executive organizations that are aiming at helping more veterans get employed. On one hand, the system has obtained massive appreciation nationwide in terms of its recognition of veteran’s sacrifices, guarantee of civil rights and promotion to US’s economy. Onthe other hand, just as ‘Rome was not built in a day’ ， so was not the US VeteranEmployment Support System. There were twists and turns during the process of formulation. At the very beginning, the system was dull in both format and content. For example, veterans could only be beneficial in civil service entrance examinations. Along with the great help from US government, the system gradu