理想流体的哈密尔描述.docVIP

【理想流体的哈密尔描述】hamilton description of ideal fluid Hamiltonian description of the ideal uid P J Morrison Department of Physics and Institute for Fusion Studies University of Texas Austin Texas 78712-1060 The Hamiltonian viewpoint of uid mechanical systems with few and innite number of degrees of freedom is described Rudimentary concepts of nite-degree-of-freedom Hamiltonian dynamics are reviewed in the context of the passive advection of a scalar or tracer eld by a uid The notions of integrability invariant-tori chaos overlap criteria and invariant-tori breakup are described in this context Preparatory to the introduction of eld theories systems with an innite number of degrees of freedom elements of functional calculus and action principles of mechanics are reviewed The action principle for the ideal compressible uid is described in terms of Lagrangian or material variables Hamiltonian systems in terms of noncanonical variables are presented including several examples of Eulerian or inviscid uid dynamics Lie group theory sufcient for the treatment of reduction is reviewed The reduction from Lagrangian to Eulerian variables is treated along with Clebsch variable decompositions Stability in the canonical and noncanonical Hamiltonian contexts is described Sufcient conditions for stability such as Rayleigh-like criteria are seen to be only sufcient in the general case because of the existence of negative-energy modes which are possessed by interesting uid equilibria Linearly stable equilibria with negative energy modes are argued to be unstable when nonlinearity or dissipation is added The energy-Casimir method is discussed and