英语构词法 Word Structure and Word Formation培训资料.pptVIP

丰国欣：《英语词汇学》 Word Formation 2) But this is not absolute. Sometimes, the primary stress may also fall on the second constituent as in ash-blonde, bottle-green, etc. ☆ Semantic features 1) A compound word is a single semantic unit (i.e. onewordness) though it may be written open. A green hand is an “inexperienced person”, not a hand that is green; red meat refers to beef or mutton rather than any meat that is red in color; hot dog is by no means a dog that is hot but a typical American sausage in between two pieces of bread. Word Formation 2) However, a lot of compounds are transparent, that is, the meaning can be obtained from the separate elements of the compounds. Flower pot is just the case. But the two elements are inseparable and the change of the element will result in the loss of the original identity. ☆ Grammatical features 1) Compounds tend to fill a single grammatical slot in a sentence, for example, that of a verb, a noun, or an adjective. Bad-mouth used as a verb can take the third person singular –s and the past tense marker –ed, e.g. “He bad-mouthed me.’(Boliger and Sears, 1981) Word Formation 2) In adjective-plus-noun compounds, the adjective element cannot take the inflectional suffixes. Compare the following: Compounds Free phrases fine art finer art red tape reddest tape hot line hotter line Word Formation (1) Formation of compounds: Compounds can function as any of the world classes, but the most productive compounds are nouns, adjectives and verbs. ☆ Noun compounds 1) Formation of noun compounds: n + n: moon walk, end product n + v: toothache, frostbite v + n: crybaby, tell-tale a + n: deadline, blueprint n + v-ing: brainwashing, air-conditioning Word Formation v-ing + n: cleaning lady, wading bird n +v-er: stockholder, crime reporter adv + v: outbreak, downfall v + adv: sit-in, h