托福写作核心知识点解析(王东).docxVIP

一、托福写作介绍和独立写作评分标准KEY POINTS核心知识点DETAILED CONTENTS细化内容综述Independent Writing考试界面截图、字数、时长独立写作是argumentative essay，和GRE Analytical Writing和SAT作文相同。评分标准Rubrics (1)Effectively addresses the topic and taskEffectively addresses the topic and task有效的回答了题目和任务Topic题目In the modern society, the ability to speak well is more important than the ability to write well.Task任务Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Which do you prefer? （机经中很少出现）Why do you think?（机经中不再出现）例1：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In the modern society, the ability to speak well is more important than the ability to write well.Address the topic: For most people, speaking ability is more important than writing ability.Fail to address the topic：Speaking ability plays a vital role in a person’s success. 评分标准Rubrics (2)well-organizedwell-organized良好的组织两重意义：整体well-organized。要求：整篇文章分为introduction、body和conclusion；Thesis statement一般位于introduction最后；Body分body paragraphs；用transitional words或者repetition衔接body paragraphs；conclusion重申thesis statement。段内well-organized。要求：topic sentence尽量置于段首，段内的每个sentence支持topic sentence。评分标准Rubrics (3)well-developedwell-developed两重意义：Thesis statement得到well-developed，意味着body paragraph （sub point）的数量不能过少。每个topic sentence得到充分展开。每个sub point（body paragraph）的字数不能过少。经验表明，主要段落的字数不低于80字。评分标准Rubrics (4)UnityUnityIntroduction、Body、Conclusion必须完整；每个body paragraph 支持thesis statement；每个body paragraph中每个sentence支持topic sentence。评分标准Rubrics (5)ProgressionProgressionBody paragraphs使用transitional words和重复上文（repetition）。Body paragraphs中从抽象（topic sentence）到具体（exemplification）。评分标准Rubrics (6) CoherenceCoherence正确的使用代词。人称代词（they/she/he）指示代词（this/those/that）关系代词（which/that/who/whom/where/when）评分标准Rubrics (7) syntactic varietysyntactic variety长短结合变化句子开头（状语提前、倒装、形式主语it的使用）强调句、分词作状语等（参见语言部分）评分标准Rubrics (8)appropriate word choiceappropriate word choice合适的用词符合语境和习惯用法。使用搭配词典(co-build dictionary)和语料库。字典：灵格斯Oxford Collocation Dictionary for Students of EnglishCollins Co-Build Dictiona