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US_history_book美国早期历史_(From_Pre-colonial_to_America_Reconstruction)
IntroductionIn the late 15th century, people from Spain, Netherlands, France, and the GreatBritain began toimmigrant to North America. Beginning in the early 1600s, the English established 13 colonies along the eastern shore of North America,gradually formed the foundationof what would become the United States. Britains brutal regime and coercion policy caused the conflicts between Great Britain and the American colonies escalated, until the colonists finally declared their independence. On the night of April 18, 1775, the fight at Lexington unveiled the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783).In 1776,the Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence. The colonists had declared their freedom from Britain. After the colonists’ tough struggles, in September 1783, the delegates signed the Treaty of Paris, which confirmed U.S independence and set the boundaries of the new nation. With George Washington as its first president, the United States began creating a working government for its new nation. But a new problem began: the states had much more power than the federal government. However, the 1787 Constitution confirmed the federal characteristic of America. It established the rules and separated powers of the three branches of the federal government. In the 1840s, expansion fever gripped the country. Many Americans began to believe that their movement westward was predestined by God. During this time, the United States expanded to the Pacific Ocean—from sea to shining sea—largely defining the borders of the contiguous United States as they are today. The result of expansion of United States territory was the America need to face the new territory expansion colonizes for slave state or Free State problem.In 1860, republican Abraham Lincoln, who opposed slavery was elected president. He issued his Emancipation Proclamation in 1863. Then the southern rebellion began, and the American Civil War erupted. After four years of warfare, mostly within the Souther
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