抗生素PPT课件（英文精品）ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT PATHOGENS IMPACT AND CONTROL（104p）.ppt

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2018-06-06 发布于贵州
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抗生素PPT课件（英文精品）ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT PATHOGENS IMPACT AND CONTROL（104p）.ppt

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抗生素PPT课件（英文精品）ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT PATHOGENS IMPACT AND CONTROL（104p）

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT PATHOGENS: IMPACT AND CONTROL David Jay Weber, M.D., M.P.H. Professor of Medicine, Pediatrics Epidemiology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA SOURCES OF SLIDES Thanks are given to the following persons who provided slides for this lecture William Jarvis, CDC Marin Kollef, Washington Universitiy, St. Louis Christopher Ohl, Wake Forest University Jan Patterson, University of Texas, San Antonio Michael Pfaller, University of Iowa Louis Rice, VA Medical Center, Cleveland IMPACT OF NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS IMPACT OF NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS Incidence = 5-10% Incidence rising with time ~2,000,000 patients develop a healthcare-associated infection each year Healthcare-associated infections result in ~90,000 death Cost estimated at $4.5 to $5.7 billion dollars per year NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS IN THE UNITED STATES PREVALENCE: ICU (EUROPE) Study design: Point prevalence rate 17 countries, 1447 ICUs, 10,038 patients Frequency of infections: 4,501 (44.8%) Community-acquired: 1,876 (13.7%) Hospital-acquired: 975 (9.7%) ICU-acquired: 2,064 (20.6%) Pneumonia: 967 (46.9%) Other lower respiratory tract: 368 (17.8%) Urinary tract: 363 (17.6%) Bloodstream: 247 (12.0%) CHALLENGES IN THE PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF HEALTHCARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS Changing population of hospital patients Increased severity of illness Increased numbers of immunocompromised patients Shorter duration of hospitalization More and larger intensive care units Growing frequency of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens Importation of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens from the community into the hospital Lack of compliance with hand hygiene Reduced infection control resources nationwide Future: Prion diseases, bioterrorism agents, gene therapy, xenotransplantation CURRENT STATE OF HEALTHCARE EPIDEMIOLOGY IN ACUTE CARE HOSPITALS Fewer hospitals Smaller hospitals More and larger intensive care units Greater patient severity of illness More immunocompromised patients Shorter stays