JAVA基本结构.ppt

Java基本程序数据结构Ⅱ 控制流程 控制流 与C++类似的控制流： if-else —条件语句， for —确定循环， while —循环， switch —多值检测， 无goto； for each循环 break 和 continue — 不带标签或带标签 块作用域 块(block)的概念： 块(复合语句)是指由一对{ }括起来的若干条简单的Java语句。块确定了变量的作用域。 一个块可以嵌套在另一个块中。 class ScopeExample {public static void main(String[] args) {// aNumber comes into existence int aNumber = 22;  System.out.println(Number is + aNumber); { // anotherNumber comes into existence int anotherNumber = 99; System.out.println(aNumber is + aNumber); System.out.println(anothreNumber is + anotherNumber); }//End of block - anotherNumber ceases to exist System.out.println(aNumber is + aNumber); System.out.println(anotherNumber is + anotherNumber);} // End of outer block - anumber ceases to exist } In Java, it is not possible to declare identically named variables in two nested blocks 不能在嵌套的两个块中声明同名的变量。 public static void main(String[] args) { int n; . . . { int k; int n;//error--cant redefine n in inner block . . . } } 条件语句 在Java中，条件语句的格式如下： if(condition) statement if(condition) statement1 else statement2 if . . . else if . . . if (yourSales = 2 * target) { performance = Excellent; bonus = 1000; } else if (yourSales = 1.5 * target) { performance = Fine; bonus = 500; } else if (yourSales = target) { performance = Satisfactory; bonus = 100; } else { System.out.println(Youre fired); } 注意事项 Java编译器总是将else与其最近的if相配对，除非用{ }括起来。这叫做悬挂else问题。 if (x5) if(y5) System.out.println(“x and y are 5”); else //与if(y5)配对 System.out.println(“x is = 5”); if (x5){ if(y5) System.out.println(“x and y are 5”); } else //与if(x5)配对 System.out.println(“x is = 5”); While循环：非确定循环 while循环当条件为true时执行一条语句(语句块)； 格式为：while(condition)statement while循环：先检测循环条件，再执行循环体； while (balance goal) { balance += payment; double interest = balance*interestRate/100; balance += interest; years++; } 如果没有在while结构中提供使while条件最终变为假的语句，则会导致逻辑错误。这种循环结构永远不会终止，称为“无限循环