“土木之变”若干题目探析.pdf

英宗南归至成功复辟的过程，探讨明朝激烈的政治斗争。二堂辔终缨熘 木之变”的出现，景泰、天顺年间调整了对蒙古政策。 关键词明代，瓦刺，“土木之变 ABSTRACT In of14th of Mongolian July yearChengT’ungera(1449)，Oirat(a intothe the and Mingarmy MingDynasty,defeated tribe)marched ofthe at was T’U。mu，which MingDynasty Ying—tsung，emperor captured hadbeen alien thesecondtimethat ofCentralPlains by emperor captured Incident’’inthe on races Ming since‘‘Jingkang SongDynasty．Centering Oirat returnand Ying。tsungback， DynastygreetingYing-tsung’S sending and there aseriesof conflicts negotiations．In appeared military envoys to returned offirst of south， August yearChing-t’aiera(1450)，Ymg-tsung lifeinnorth．Thisisa ofcentral his“imprisoned process power ending shiftof and of also courtiers’practicalthoughts；it MingDynastychange anditseconomic conflicts ofOirat reflectsinternal emerging