双相不锈钢的详细介绍(Practical Guidelines for the Fabrication of Duplex Stainless Steels).doc

双相不锈钢的详细介绍(Practical Guidelines for the Fabrication of Duplex Stainless Steels) 导读：就爱阅读网友为您分享以下“双相不锈钢的详细介绍(Practical Guidelines for the Fabrication of Duplex Stainless Steels)”的资讯，希望对您有所帮助，感谢您对92的支持! 2History of Duplex Stainless Steels Duplex stainless steels, meaning those with a mixedmicrostructure of about equal proportions of austeniteand ferrite, have existed for nearly 80 years. Theearly grades were alloys of chromium, nickel, andmolybdenum. The first wrought duplex stainless steelswere produced in Sweden in 1930 and were used inthe sulfite paper industry. These grades were devel-oped to reduce the intergranular corrosion problemsin the early, high-carbon austenitic stainless steels.Duplex castings were produced in Finland in 1930,and a patent was granted in France in 1936 for theforerunner of what would eventually be known asUranus 50. AISI Type 329 became well establishedafter World War II and was used extensively for heat exchanger tubing for nitric acid service. One ofthe first duplex grades developed specifically for improved resistance to chloride stress corrosioncracking (SCC) was 3RE60. In subsequent years, bothwrought and cast duplex grades have been used for a variety of process industry applications including2205 continuous sulphate pulp digester and impregnation tower, Sodra Cell M?nsteras, Sweden (Source: Kvaerner Pulping)vessels, heat exchangers and pumps. These first-generation duplex stainless steels provided good performance characteristics but had limitationsin the as-welded condition. The heat-affected zone(HAZ) of welds had low toughness because of exces-sive ferrite and significantly lower corrosion resist-ance than that of the base metal. These limitationsconfined the use of the first-generation duplex stain-less steels, usually in the unwelded condition, to afew specific applications. In 1968 the invention of the stainless steel refining process, argon oxygen decarburization (AOD), opened the possibility of abroad spectrum of new