一维扩散方程有限差分法matlab.docx

一维扩散方程的有限差分法——计算物理实验作业七陈万 物理学2013级 目：编程求解一维扩散方程的解取。输出t=1,2,...,10时刻的x和u(x),并与解析解u=exp(x+0.1t)作比较。主程序：% 一维扩散方程的有限差分法clear,clc;%定义初始常量a1 = 1; b1 = 1; c1 = 0; a2 = 1;b2 = -1; c2 = 0;a0 = 1.0; t_max = 10; D = 0.1; h = 0.1; tao = 0.1;%调用扩散方程子函数求解u = diffuse_equation(a0,t_max,h,tao,D,a1,b1,c1,a2,b2,c2);子程序1：function output = diffuse_equation(a0,t_max,h,tao,D,a1,b1,c1,a2,b2,c2)% 一维扩散方程的有限差分法，采用隐式六点差分格式(Crank-Nicolson)% a0: x的最大值% t:_max: t的最大值% h: 空间步长% tao: 时间步长% D：扩散系数% a1,b1,c1是（x=0）边界条件的系数；a2,b2,c2是（x=a0）边界条件的系数x = 0:h:a0;n = length(x);t = 0:tao:t_max;k = length(t); P = tao * D/h^2;P1 = 1/P + 1;P2 = 1/P - 1;u = zeros(k,n);%初始条件u(1,:) = exp(x);%求A矩阵的对角元素dd = zeros(1,n);d(1,1) = b1*P1+h*a1;d(2:(n-1),1) = 2*P1;d(n,1) = b2*P1+h*a2;%求A矩阵的对角元素下面一行元素ee = -ones(1,n-1);e(1,n-1) = -b2;%求A矩阵的对角元素上面一行元素ff = -ones(1,n-1);f(1,1) = -b1;R = zeros(k,n);%求R%追赶法求解for i = 2:k R(i,1) = (b1*P2-h*a1)*u(i-1,1)+b1*u(i-1,2)+2*h*c1;for j = 2:n-1 R(i,j) = u(i-1,j-1)+2*P2*u(i-1,j)+u(i-1,j+1);end R(i,n) = b2*u(i-1,n-1)+( b2*P2-h*a2)*u(i-1,n)+2*h*c2; M = chase(e,d,f,R(i,:)); u(i,:) = M'; plot(x,u(i,:)); axis([0 a0 0 t_max]); pause(0.1)endoutput = u;% 绘图比较解析解和有限差分解[X,T] = meshgrid(x,t);Z = exp(X+0.1*T);surf(X,T,Z),xlabel('x'),ylabel('t'),zlabel('u'),title('解析解');figuresurf(X,T,u),xlabel('x'),ylabel('t'),zlabel('u'),title('有限差分解');子程序2：function M = chase(a,b,c,f)% 追赶法求解三对角矩阵方程，Ax=f% a是对角线下边一行的元素% b是对角线元素% c是对角线上边一行的元素% M是求得的结果，以列向量形式保存n = length(b);beta = ones(1,n-1);y = ones(1,n);M = ones(n,1);for i = (n-1):(-1):1 a(i+1) = a(i);end% 将a矩阵和n对应beta(1) = c(1)/b(1);for i = 2:(n-1) beta(i) = c(i)/( b(i)-a(i)*beta(i-1) );endy(1) = f(1)/b(1);for i = 2:n y(i) = (f(i)-a(i)*y(i-1))/(b(i)-a(i)*beta(i-1));endM(n) = y(n);for i = (n-1):(-1):1 M(i) = y(i)-beta(i)*M(i+1);endend结果：对比分析两图，结果令人满意。取出t_max时刻的u值分析：（）有限差分解如下：2.7182818283.0041660243.3201169233.6692966684.0551999674.4816890704.9530324245.4739473926.0496474646.6858944427.389056099解析解如下：2.7145201222.99951097