基于微机控制系统发电机励磁调节系统说明书.doc

摘 要 随着发电机单机容量和电网规模的增大，发电机组及电力系统对励磁控制在快速性、可靠性、多功能性等方面提出了愈来愈高的要求，相应地，励磁控制在理论和实践上也在不断更新、发展和完善。传统的模拟式励磁调节器已不能满足需要。近年来，基于微机控制系统的发电机励磁调节系统已逐渐取代模拟式励磁调节器而成为同步发电机励磁调节器的主流。 发电机在正常工作情况下，负载总是不断的变化着。而不同容量的负载，以及负载的不同功率因数，对同步发电机励磁磁场的作用是不同的，对同步发电机的内部阻抗压降的作用也是不一样的。要维持同步发电机端电压为一定水平，就必须根据负载的大小及负载的性质随时调节同步发电机的励磁。显然。这一调节过程只有通过电压的自动调节装置才能实现。本系统主要完成上述功能。 本课题中自动励磁系统该采用以80C196MC单片机为核心的触发电路代替目前国内市场上流行的集成化KC系列触发电路。该电路具有功耗小、功能强、输入阻抗高、抗干扰能力强，移相范围宽（0—177°），外接元件少等优点，而且调试简单、使用可靠。 本文主体分为四个部分。 第一部分是单片微机励磁系统结构，论述基本系统构成及各个部分的作用与相互间的协同工作。 第二部分是基于80C196MC单片机的微机励磁调节器硬件设计。 第三部分是控制算法研究，讨论PID控制在励磁装置中的应用。 关键词:励磁调节器，80C196MC单片机，数字电路，PID控制, ABSTRACT With the single generator capacity and power grid scale of the increase, generators and power systems group of excitation control in the fast, reliability, versatility, and other aspects of the increasingly high demand, accordingly, excitation control in theory And in practice are also constantly updated, to develop and improve. Traditional analog excitation regulator has been unable to meet the need. In recent years, computer control system based on the excitation-conditioning system has been gradually replaced analog excitation regulator and a synchronous generator excitation regulator of the mainstream.  Generators under normal working conditions, the load always changing. The different capacity load, and load the different power factor, the synchronous generator excitation magnetic field is different from the role of the internal synchronous generator impedance voltage drop is not the role of the same. To maintain synchronous generator terminal voltage to a certain level, it must be based on the size of load and load regulation at any time the nature of the synchronous generator excitation. Obviously， This adjustment process is only through the automatic adjustment voltage devices can be achieved. This system is mainly to complete these functions.  The subject of the excitation system automatically 80C196MC used to trigger circuit as the core of the do