2018版高考英语二轮（江苏专用）题型组合练：4 Wor版含解析.docVIP

题型组合练(四) (对应学生用书第175页)Ⅰ.阅读理解——科普知识(2017·通、扬、泰、淮高三三模)Larger brain size linked to longer life in deer The size of a female animals brain may determine whether they live longer and have more healthy offspring(后代)ns live longer and have more surviving offspring than those with smaller brains.Brain size is passed down through the generations.This is the first extensive study of individual differences in brain size in wild mammals and draws on data comparing seven generations of deer. Across species of mammals，brain size varies widely.This is thought to be a consequence of specific differences in the benefits and costs of a larger brain.Mammals with larger brains may，for example，have greater cognitive abilities that enable them to adapt better to environmental changes or they may have longer lifespans(寿命)．But there may also be disadvantages: for instance(繁殖力)．based at the University of Cambridges Zoology Department and Edinburgh Universitys Institute of Evolutionary Biology，wanted to test if they could find more direct genetic or nongenetic evidence of the costs and benefits of large brain size by comparing the longevity(长寿)and survival of individuals of the same species with different sized brains.Using the skulls of 1d that females with larger endocranial volumes(脑腔容量)lived longer and produced more surviving offspring in the course of their lives.y are not known，but other studies have suggested that larger brains are a consequence of the longer-lived species having longer developmental periods in which the brain can grow.These hypotheses(假设)were generated from cross-species correlations；howeverting such hypotheses requires investigations at the within species level，which is what we did.” Dr Logan adds，“We found that some of the cross-species predictions about brain size held for female red deer，and that none of the predictions were supported in male red deer.This indicates that each sex likely experiences its own set of tradeoffs(权衡协调)with regard to brain size.” The stu