Stress and Gender： Gender related differences in a changing soc.ppt

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Stress and Gender： Gender related differences in a changing soc.ppt

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Stress and Gender： Gender related differences in a changing soc

Stress and GenderGender related differences in a changing society Gender differences: Although men and women share the same socio-economic circumstances, there are significant gender differences in worsening mortality rates in Hungary Socioeconomic differences are more closely connected with male premature mortality rates What is the explanation for the increased vulnerability of middle aged men during this period of rapid economic change? Aggregate mortality according to low versus high education(Mackenbach et al, 1999) Special experimental model The paradoxical features of gender related premature mortality and morbidity rates in Central-Eastern-European countries might be regarded as a special experimental model to understand better the human consequences of chronic stress and gender differences in this respect What can explain the opposite changes in gender differences in life expectancy? In the 1970s no differences in Austrian and Hungarian life expectancy Life expectancy in Hungary today: Male 68.2, female 76.5 years-8.3 years differences in Hungary, 2.3 years lost In neighbouring Austria: Male 75.9- they live 7.7 years longer, Female 81.7- they live 5.2 years longer 5.8 years differences in Austria Growing polarization of the socio-economic situation between 1960 and 2002 Until 1960, practically no income inequality, there were no mortality differences between socio-economic strata and there were smaller gender differences Since that time increasing disparities in socio-economic conditions have been accompanied by a widening socio-economic gradient in mortality, but much more among men. Mortality rate in 1000 men in corresponding age groups in the Hungarian population (Demographic Yearbook, 2004) Possible explanations: This deterioration cannot be ascribed to defficiencies in health care,because during these years there was a significant decrease in infant and old age mortality and improvements in other dimensions of health care. Between 1960