ch6(第六章讲义).pptVIP

Computer Networks - 06 COMPUTER NETWORKSChapter 06 The Transport Layer Chapter 6 The Transport Layer Essence: The transport layer is responsible for completing the services of the underlying network to the extent that application development can take place 6.1 The Transport Service 6.1.1 Services Provided to the Upper Layer provide reliable connection-oriented services provide unreliable connectionless services provide parameters for specifying quality of services Important: we’re talking about efficient and cost-effective services, in particular reliable connections. Note: depending on the services offered by the network layer, the added functionality in the transport layer can vary considerably. Note: The issue here is that the network layer is in the hands of carriers: organizations that offer a (generally wide-area) computer network to their clients. Clients have nothing to say in what the carrier actually offers. Consequence: If we want to develop applications that are independent of the particular services offered by a carrier, we’ll have to design a standard communication interface and implement that interface at the client’s sites. The transport layer contains such implementations. Quality of Service: QoS Connection establishment delay: how long does it take to establish a connection. The shorter, the better. Connection establishment failure probability: Chance of not being able to establish a connection within the specified maximum delay. Should be as low as possible. Throughput: how many bytes per second can a client pass through a connection. Transit delay: how long does it take for a message to make it from sender to receiver. The shorter, the better. Quality of Service: QoS Residual error ratio: fraction of lost or garbled messages. Should be as near to zero as possible. Protection: to what extent is a client’s message protected against eavesdropping or tampering. Priority: is it possible for a client to indicate that one connection should be serviced