Polymer monmers and crystallinity Powering Silicon Valley 聚合物单体和结晶度供电的硅谷.pptVIP

Polymers: Molecular Structures and Properties The properties of polymers are directly affected by their atomic and molecular structures. In this lecture, we will explore how polymer molecules are made up, and how factors affect their strength, stiffness, and other properties. Some Organic Monomer Types Crystallinity in Polymers Most polymers, unlike metals, do not every fully crystallize; some are fully amorphous (no crystallinity at all) Polymers that partially crystallize upon cooling from the melt state are called semicrystalline polymers Factors affecting crystallinity Linearity of the polymer chain Presence of more than one monomer type Arrangement of side groups on the backbone processing conditions: how the materials is shaped into products. The following slide shows a polymer material in both molded (solid) and fiber forms… Solid Crystalline Forms Factors Affected by Crystallinity The degree of crystallization (volume fraction of crystalline regions in a polymer) affects the optical, thermal, and mechanical properties of a polymer Optical properties Semicrystalline polymers can be recognized easily because they are opaque, light is not transmitted through the polymer; rather, it is reflected or scattered by the crystalline planes amorphous polymers are clear: visible light can pass through them Thermal properties – Semicrystalline polymers will have a definite melting point range at which the crystalline volume is destroyed; amorphous polymers do not have a defined melting range because they are already without any crystallinity Mechanical properties – as a polymer’s crystallinity increases, so also will its level of secondary bonding. This in turn increases the stiffness (elastic modulus) and strength of the polymer. On the other hand, ductility declines as crystallinity increases. Processing Conditions Affecting Crystallinity Deformation from applied stress Processes such as extrusion of narrow sections, fiber pulling (pultrusion), and moldi