论英语幽默中语用学.docVIP

论英语幽默中语用学 　　【摘要】英语幽默的产生不仅有其语言内在规律,而且很大程度上与特定语境和语用原则密切相关。语用原则是其重要因素。本文分别从四个方面分析了英语幽默中的语用原则:指示、会话含义、合作原则、言语行为。 　　【关键词】英语幽默指示会话含义合作原则言语行为 　　【中图分类号】H313 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】2095-3089（2012）03-0068-02 　　1. Deixis 　　Deixis is a technical form for one of the most basic things we do with utterances. It means “pointing” via language. The most obvious way in which the relationship between language and context is reflected in the structures of languages themselves, is through the adoption of deixis. If a deixis is used improperly or the context is unclear, reference will become unclear too. Thus contradiction and misunderstanding may arise, and then change into humour. For example: 　　In my work as a medical assistant for a pediatrician, I used to undress the children and weigh them before they were examined. One day a 5?鄄year?鄄old boy came in with his mother. He had a death grip on her hand, but with her encouragement, I was able to coax his hand to mine and lead him into the examine room. “Now let?蒺s take off our clothes,” I said, “and see how much we weigh.” The child promptly dropped his hand and stopped in his tracks. “You go ahead,” he said, “I don?蒺t want to.” 　　The assistant used first person “let?蒺s”, including speaker and hearer, to make intimate and equal relation so that the child won?蒺t be afraid of. But the child didn?蒺t understand the deixis and he thought they are weighed together. In fact, it is the child who heeded being weighed. “Let?蒺s” can be considered as a kind of persuasion. 　　2.Conversational Implicature 　　The notion of conversational implicature is one of the most important ideas in pragmatics. The term conversational implicature was produced by the English language philosopher H.P.Grice in a series of lectures at Harvard University in 1967, referring to an indirect or implicit meaning of an utterance derived from the context that is not presented from its conventional use. For example：①Steve: What happened to your garden? ②Jane: A dog got into the