基于Matab频域滤波器的设计.doc

摘 要 数字滤波器是数字信号处理中最重要的组成部分之一。在许多科学技术领域中，广泛使用滤波器对信号进行处理。数字滤波器是由数字乘法器、加法器和延时单元组成的一种装置。本文针对在实际设计中要大量应用数字滤波器这一现实，对数字滤波器的基本理论、性能特点、设计方法进行了比较全面的分析，对有限冲击响应数字滤波器(FIR)和无限脉冲响应数字滤波器(IIR)的设计进行了深入的探讨，介绍了滤波器的定义、分类、滤波器的设计和实现方法。基于MATLAB的数字滤波器一般有界面设计与程序直接设计两种方法。本文选择程序直接设计法，其中IIR滤波器采用间接设计法和直接设计法,将间接设计法分为三步，即模拟滤波器原型设计，模拟—数字滤波器变换，滤波器频带变换。直接设计法是用MATLAB本身提供的函数，即butter,cheby1,cheby2和ellip,等几个函数来设计数字低通、高通、带通滤波器。FIR滤波器则采用最简单的窗函数设计法。 关键词: 数字滤波器；MATLAB；无限冲激响应；有限冲激响应；窗函数 ABSTRACT Digital filter is a part of most important device in digital signal processing.It is widely used to process signals in many fields of science.Digital filter is a kind of installation that forms by digital multiplier, adder and the unit of delay time. Take the fact that digital filter has been widely used in real life into consideration, this paper analysises the basic theory of digital filters, features and dicusses the digital filter of finite impulse response (FIR) and the infinite impulse response digital filter (IIR) deeply. It also introduces a filter definition, classification, filter design and implementation methods.There are generally　two methods that are interface design and program directly design in the design of MATLAB-based digital filter. This paper focuses on program directly design and IIR filter is used to adopt program directly design.The indirect design method is divided into three steps, namely, the prototype analog filter design, analog-digital filter conversion, filter frequency bands conversion.We use the functions such as butter, cheby1, cheby2 and ellip which are provided by MATLAB itself to design digital low pass, high pass, band pass filter in direct design method.As for FIR filter ,we use the simplest window function design. Keywords: Digital Filter；MATLAB；FIR；IIR；window function 目 录 1 绪论 1 1.1数字滤波器的概念及发展趋势 1 1.2选题背景 2 2 MATLAB 4 2.1简介 4 2.2 MATLAB产生的历史背景 4 2.3 MATLAB的应用 6 2.4 Matlab的优势和特点 6 2.4.1 MATLAB的特点 6 2.4.2 MATLAB的优势 8 2.5 Matlab常用工具箱 10 3 数字滤波器的基本理论 12 3.1数字滤波器概述 12 3.1.1 数字