复合材料_2.ppt

The Science and Engineering of Materials, 4th edDonald R. Askeland – Pradeep P. Phulé Chapter 9 – 复合材料：材料中各组分的互补 Composites: Teamwork and Synergy in Materials Objectives of Chapter 9 学习复合材料的不同类别：颗料充填，纤维，和层叠复合材料。Study different categories of composites: particulate, fiber, and laminar 应用于建筑和机械方面的复合材料。Focus on composites used in structural or mechanical applications. Chapter Outline 9.1 弥散强化复合材料 Dispersion-Strengthened Composites 9.2 颗料充填复合材料 Particulate Composites 9.3 纤维增强复合材料 Fiber-Reinforced Composites 9.4 纤维增强复合材料的特性 Characteristics of Fiber-Reinforced Composites 9.5 纤维和复合材料的制造 Manufacturing Fibers and Composites 9.6 层叠复合材料 Laminar Composite Materials 9.7 层叠复合材料举例和应用 Examples and Applications of Laminar Composites 9.8 夹层结构 Sandwich Structures 一类特别的弥散强化纳米复合材料，所含颗粒直径10至250 nm.它们被归为颗粒复合材料。 A special group of dispersion-strengthened nanocomposite materials containing particles 10 to 250 nm in diameter is classified as particulate composites. 分散体 – 在金属基体中形成的微小氧化物粒子，它们妨碍位错的移动导致强化，甚至在高温下也有效。Dispersoids - Tiny oxide particles formed in a metal matrix that interfere with dislocation movement and provide strengthening, even at elevated temperatures. ?2003 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning? is a trademark used herein under license. Figure 9.15 凯夫拉尔纤维的结构。相邻的分子链之间通过氧原子和氢原子之间的次级键相互结合。The structure of KevlarTM. The fibers are joined by secondary bonds between oxygen and hydrogen atoms on adjoining chains. Figure 9.16 碳纤维增强银-铜合金断裂面的扫描电镜照片。纤维与基体间结合差导致在结合界面上产生大量断裂面 (? 3000)。 Scanning electron micrograph of the fracture surface of a silver-copper alloy reinforced with carbon fibers. Poor bonding causes much of the fracture surface to follow the interface between the metal matrix and the carbon tows (? 3000). Section 9.5 纤维和复合材料的制造 Manufacturing Fibers and Composites 化学气相沉积 – 通过将蒸气沉积到固态基体上致密化材料的一种生产方法。Chemical vapor deposition - Method for manufacturing materials by condensing the material