环境生物技术--3--4.ppt

环境生物技术 沈阳大学07环境工程 2009-9-gying 3 Activated Sludge Process 3.1.1 Single-stage process Fig. Flow diagram of anactivated sludge plant. 3 Activated Sludge Process 3.1.1 Single-stage process An activated sludge plant is characterized by four elements: An aeration tank equipped with appropriate aeration equipment, in which the biomass is mixed with wastewater and supplied with oxygen. A final clarifier, in which the biomass is removed from the treated wastewater by settling or other means. Continuous collection of return sludge and pumping it back into the aeration tank. Withdrawal of excess sludge to maintain the appropriate concentration of mixed liquor. 3.1.2 Two-stage process The two-stage process has several advantages. Harmful substances can be removed in the first stage, which is important for the treatment of industrial wastewater; and in the low-load second stage, due to the high sludge age microorganisms can be maintained that are able to remove slowly biodegradable organics or to oxidize ammonia. Furthermore, bulking sludge is only rarely observed in either stage. The disadvantages are that about twice as many clarifiers are needed as in the one-stage process and that nitrogen removal, as well as enhanced biological phosphate removal, may be inhibited owing to missing organics, which are removed in the first stage. 3.1.3 Single sludge carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous removal In the early 1960s three different methods for nitrogen removal were demonstrated: post-denitrification ; pre-anoxic zone denitrification ; simultaneous denitrification ; Today most newer plants are built with means for enhanced biological phosphate removal and/or equipment for simultaneous precipitation. 3.1.4 Sequencing batch reactor (SBR) process Because of the development of reliable automatic process control and aeration systems, the SBR process today is a perfect alternative to the conventional activated sludge process. The reactor is usually equipped with an aeration system