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第18讲 Unit 9语法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 被动语态和定语从句1. 被动语态 (1). 被动语态表示句子的主语是谓语动词所表示的动作承受者。(2). 被动语态基本结构：be+及物动词的过去分词(如果是不用物动词，其过去分词应带有相应的介词)(3). 被动语态中的be 是助动词，有人称、数和时态的变化。?????? 一般现在时被动语态为：am/is/are+过去分词?????? 一般过去时被动语态为：was/were+ 过去分词?????? 与情态动词连用的被动语态：情态动词+ be + 过去分词(4). 被动语态中动作的发出者或执行者做介词by的宾语，放在句末，by 表示“由，被”的意思在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句e.g. I like music that I can dance to. music 是先行词，that是关系代词 He is the man who I met yesterday. man是先行词，who是关系代词RULES人 (n.) + who/that + 从句 物 (n.) + that/which + 从句 关系代词who; that;的作用： a. 做代词，代替先行词 b. 在从句中担任句子成分：主语或宾语 c. 做连词，把主句和从句连接起来who / that/which 在定语从句中做主语时，谓语动词的单复数应与先行词保持一致1.--It’s difficult for the village children to cross the river for school. --I think a bridge(桥)______over the river.A. should be built B.is being built C. has been built D. was built2. After Mandela was free (自由的) in 1990, he chose to shake hands with the people ________ wanted to kill him. A. whose B. which C. / D. who The movie ______ we saw last night was fantastic. A. that B. what C. whose D. Who 4.— Where is the School English Speech Contest going to be held tonight? — I’m not sure. Is it in the hall _____ can hold 300 people? where B. what C. that D. when 5. Some old people like to live in a flat________ is not very high.A. that B. who C. what D. whose基础演练I.用适当的关系词填空(that、who、which、whom) 1. Alice likes singers _________ write their own music. 2. Generally, old people like music _______ is quiet and gentle.3. The girl ____________often helps me with my English is from England.4. This is the school in _______ I studied two years ago. 5.The man _______ is talking with my father over there is our head teacher.II.按照要求写句子。1. The?book?is?interesting?.?You?lent?it?to?me?yesterday?.?（合成定语从句）________________________________________________________________