医学产ndm1 泛耐药肠杆菌科细菌感染课件.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * 多种 ?? 肺炎 细菌均可引起大叶性肺炎，但绝大多数为肺炎链球菌，其中以Ⅲ型致病力最强。肺炎链球菌为革兰阳性球菌，有荚膜，其致病力是由于高分子多糖体的荚膜对组织的侵袭作用。少数为肺炎杆菌、金黄*色葡萄球菌、溶血性链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌等。肺炎链球菌为口腔及鼻咽部的正常寄生菌群，若呼吸道的排菌自净功能及机体的抵抗力正常时，不引发肺炎。当机体受寒、过度疲劳、醉酒、感冒、糖尿病、免疫功能低下等使呼吸道防御功能被削弱，细菌侵入肺泡通过变态反应使肺泡壁毛细血管通透性增强，浆液及纤维素渗出，富含蛋白的渗出物中细菌迅速繁殖，并通过肺泡间孔或呼吸细支气管向邻近肺组织蔓延，波及一个肺段或整个肺叶。大叶间的蔓延系带菌的渗出液经叶支气管播散所致。 编辑本段临床表现 　　多数起病急骤，常有受凉淋雨、劳累、病毒感染等诱因，约1/3患病前有上呼吸道感染。病程7~10天。 　　（一）寒战、高热：典型病例以突然寒战起病，继之高热，体温可高达39℃~40℃，呈稽留热型，常伴有头痛、全身肌肉酸痛，食量减少。抗生素使用后热型可不典型，年老体弱者可仅有低热或不发热。 精品PPT课件 浏览免费 下载后可以编辑修改。 /jnejclxh /see161 / / / * * * * Once a pathogen produces infection, antimicrobial treatment may be essential. However, antimicrobial use promotes selection of antimicrobial-resistant strains of pathogens. As the prevalence of resistant strains increases in a population, subsequent infections are increasingly likely to be caused by these resistant strains. Fortunately, this cycle of emerging antimicrobial resistance / multi-drug resistance can be interrupted. Preventing infections in the first place will certainly reduce the need for antimicrobial exposure and the emergence and selection of resistant strains. Effective diagnosis and treatment will benefit the patient and decrease the opportunity for development and selection of resistant microbes; this requires rapid accurate diagnosis, identification of the causative pathogen, and determination of its antimicrobial susceptibility. Optimizing antimicrobial use is another key strategy; optimal use will ensure proper patient care and at the same time avoid overuse of broad-spectrum antimicrobials and unnecessary treatment. Finally, preventing transmission of resistant organisms from one person to another is critical to successful prevention efforts. * These 12 steps to Prevent Antimicrobial Resistance among hospitalized adults are action steps that clinicians can and should take now. They are designed to optimize patient safety and the outcome of infectious disease management. Together, these steps ca