解剖学课件胸壁肺及胸膜膈解剖.pptVIP

Intercostal space 肋间隙 Internal thoracic artery 胸廓内动脉 －descends into thorax 1.2cm lateral to edge of sternum, and ends at the sixth costal cartilage by dividing musculophrenic and superior epigastric arteries  △ Two pleural layers continue with each other at root of lung forming closed potential space Contains a small amount pleural fluid Subatmospheric pressure in it △ potential spaces of pleural cavity which lungs are not occupied in deep respiration The surface projection of lower border of lung and pleurae Each principal bronchus divides into lobar bronchi (two on the left, three on the right), each of which supplies a lobe of lung. Each lobar bronchus then divided into segmental bronchi, which supply specific segments of the lung. Contraction: the dome moving downward, increases the volume of thoracic cavity which results in inspiration, at the same time the intra-abdominal pressure is increased assists in defecation, vomiting or child birth. Relaxation: the dome returns to the former position, reduces the volume to the thoracic cavity, resulting in expiration. * Unit 19 Thoracic wall、pleura、lung、diaphragm 胸壁、肺、胸膜、纵隔 一.Thoracic wall 胸壁 1. Composition组成 △Skin皮肤 △Superficial and deep fascia浅、深筋膜 △Muscles肌 △Vessels and nerves血管和神经 1）Muscles肌肉 Intercostales externi肋间外肌 Intercostales interni肋间内肌 作用：提肋助吸气 作用： 降肋助呼气 Intercostales intimi肋间最内肌 External intercostal membrfane肋间外膜 Internal intercostal membrfane肋间内膜 2）Vessels and nerves血管和神经 Posterior intercostal A Intercostal N Posterior intercostal v. Posterior intercostal a. Intercostal n. 肋间后动脉、肋间后静脉和肋间神经三者的位置关系: 在肋间隙后部：位于肋间隙中间，三者的上、下的排列次序不定。 在肋沟内，自上而下依次为：肋间后静脉、肋间后动脉、肋间神经。 .胸膜腔穿刺部位: 在肋间隙后部，进针部位应在下位肋的上缘。 在肋间隙前部，进针部位应在肋间隙的中间。 Musculophrenic A肌膈动脉 superior epigastric A 腹壁上动脉 2.Pleura胸膜 Visceral pleura Parietal pleura mediastinal pleura Diaphragmatic pleura Costal pleura Cupula pleura 1）Partes分部 2）Pleural cavity 胸膜腔 Costodiaphragmatic recess 肋膈隐窝 3） Pleura recesses 胸膜隐窝 Costomediastinal recess 肋纵隔隐窝 M