Binding problems and feature integration theory结合问题和特征整合理论.pptVIP

Binding problems and feature integration theory Feature detectors Neurons that fire to specific features of a stimulus Pathway away from retina shows neurons that fire to more complex stimuli Cells that are feature detectors: Simple cortical cell Complex cortical cell End-stopped cortical cell Single cell recording of neurons in the temporal lobe Selective adaptation Selective adaptation to size Figure 3.30 How neurons that respond best to narrow (N), medium (M), and wide (W) bars respond to the medium-bar grating on the right of Figure 3.28. (a-b): Response before adaptation. (c) Response after adaptation to the wide-bar grating at the top left. (d) Response after adaptation to the narrow-bar grating on the bottom left. After Image Binding problem Two visual pathways (what where/how systems) Columnar organization Neurons that respond to the same orientation are packed in the same column Distributed coding; then what do you need? ? Combining input Feature integration theory by Treisman Gelade Attention plays a central role in solving the binding problem. Attention helps organize information. Attention and Figure-ground segregation Attention and 3D structure Damage to the parietal lobe creates binding errors. Feature integration theory Attention is the “glue” that combines the information from the what and where systems. What can you predict from this theory? If you can’t attend, you can’t combine information. ? Illusionary conjunction Demonstration I will show you a scene quickly. Report first the black numbers. Report what you see at each of the 4 locations. +++++ Report first the black numbers. Report what you saw at each of the 4 locations. Illusionary conjunctions We tend to put different features from different objects together. Some brain damaged patients (parietal lobe) show illusionary conjunctions even when the patients were allowed to view the stimuli for 10 seconds. Visual search experiments Feature search This is easy because you find the target