Part III Hierarchical Bayesian Models - Computational Cognitive 第三部分分层贝叶斯模型计算认知.pptVIP

Part IIIHierarchical Bayesian Models Vision Word learning Hierarchical Bayesian models Can represent and reason about knowledge at multiple levels of abstraction. Have been used by statisticians for many years. Hierarchical Bayesian models Can represent and reason about knowledge at multiple levels of abstraction. Have been used by statisticians for many years. Have been applied to many cognitive problems: causal reasoning (Mansinghka et al, 06) language (Chater and Manning, 06) vision (Fei-Fei, Fergus, Perona, 03) word learning (Kemp, Perfors, Tenenbaum,06) decision making (Lee, 06) Outline A high-level view of HBMs A case study Semantic knowledge Knowledge at multiple levels Top-down inferences: How does abstract knowledge guide inferences at lower levels? Bottom-up inferences: How can abstract knowledge be acquired? Simultaneous learning at multiple levels of abstraction Knowledge at multiple levels Top-down inferences: How does abstract knowledge guide inferences at lower levels? Bottom-up inferences: How can abstract knowledge be acquired? Simultaneous learning at multiple levels of abstraction Outline A high-level view of HBMs A case study: Semantic knowledge Folk Biology Folk Biology Outline A high-level view of HBMs A case study: Semantic knowledge Property induction Learning structured representations Learning the abstract organizing principles of a domain Property induction Property Induction Property Induction Bayesian Property Induction Bayesian Property Induction Choosing a prior Bayesian Property Induction A challenge: We have to specify the prior, which typically includes many numbers An opportunity: The prior can capture knowledge about the problem. Property Induction Biological properties Structure: Living kinds are organized into a tree Stochastic process: Nearby species in the tree tend to share properties Stochastic Process Nearby species in the tree tend to share properties. In other words, properties tend to be smooth ove