A COMPARISON OF VERTICAL MOTIONS OBTAINED FROM 垂直运动比较获得的.pptVIP

A COMPARISON OF VERTICAL MOTIONS OBTAINED FROM DIFFERENT FORMS OF THE OMEGA EQUATIONChristopher J. MelickandPhillip J. SmithDepartment of Earth and Atmospheric SciencesPurdue UniversityWest Lafayette, Indiana OBJECTIVE Comparison of vertical motions obtained from: Four quasi-geostrophic (QG) forms and one ageostrophic form (‘extended’) of the omega equation. Case study: Strahl and Smith (MWR:2001) Explosive cyclone development accompanied by upper-air wave merger over North America (Nov. 2-3 1999) INTRODUCTION Scale Analysis: V: 10 m/sec W: 1 cm/sec ?Too small to be measured directly. ?Computational methods required. NOTE: Assumes synoptic-scale (large spatial and temporal) conditions. COMPUTATIONAL TECHNIQUES Kinematic – Integrated Divergence/Convergence in Continuity Equation Vorticity – Integrated Vorticity Advection/Tendency Adiabatic – Temperature Advection/Tendency Isentropic – Pressure Advection along Potential Temperature Surface Omega Equation – Combine Vorticity Equation and 1st Law of Thermodynamics QG THEORY Ageostrophic motions and hence vertical motions are produced as the atmosphere progresses from one geostrophically balanced state to another Geostrophic Balance: PGF = CF QG OMEGA EQUATION (BASIC FORM):  (A) (B) Regions of UPWARD MOTION: ? Vorticity Advection increasing w/height (A) WAA (B). Regions of DOWNWARD MOTION: ? Vorticity Advection decreasing w/height (A) CAA (B). FORMS OF OMEGA EQUATION BASIC QUASIGEOSTROPHIC Q-VECTOR TRENBERTH (2) AND (3) ACCOUNTS FOR CANCELLATION FEATURE FOUND IN (1). APPROXIMATE TRENBERTH NEGLECTS DEFORMATION TERM EXTENDED INCLUDES AGEOSTROPHIC WIND Comparison Methods 12 UTC  2 Nov. 1999 (TOP):SL Pressure 6hr. Precip. (MIDDLE):500-mb Height Abs. Vort. (BOTTOM): 200-mb Height Winds CC (omega patterns) ?QG ?Q ?T ?AT ?E 0.66 0.59 0.59 0.62 ?QG 1.00 0.91