金属材料双语课件.ppt

Chapter 1 Alloying of Steels 钢的合金化 Chapter 1 Alloying of Steels §1 Structures and Properties of Metals §2 Iron-carbon phase diagram §3 Effect of alloying elements on iron- carbon phase diagram §4 Phase composition of alloy steels §5 Heat treatment of steels- Phase transformation in alloy steels §6 Strengthening and toughening of steels §7 Effect of alloying elements on steels’ processing property §8 Types and grade of alloy steels §1 Structures and Properties of Metals（金属结构与性能） Crystal and Amorphous Structure in Materials (晶态与非晶态结构) 1 crystalline and amorphous solids （晶体与非晶体） The physical structure of solid materials depends mainly on the arrangements of the atoms, ions or molecules that make up the solid and the bonding forces between them. crystalline materials Definition: if the atoms or ions are arranged in order-------long-range order (LRO)-------the solid of material is called a crystalline material. Examples: metals, alloys and some ceramic materials. Crystalline solids have fixed melting points. noncrystalline/amorphous materials（非晶体） Definition: materials whose atoms and ions are not arranged in a long-range manner and possess only short-range order (SRO). Examples: most polymers, glasses and some metals. They don’t have fixed melting point. 2 the space lattice and unit cells (空间晶格与晶胞) 将原子抽象为空间点，用假想的空间直线按一定规律将这些点连起来形成三维空间构架，称为晶格（a space lattice，Fig.1.1）。 这些线的交点即原子的中心位置。 晶格 In a space lattice, there are repeating units which can describe the characteristic of the whole lattice, we call the units----unit cells. the lattice constants （晶格常数） Three lattice vectors： a, b, c; They are the axial lengths. The interaxial angles: α、β and γ; a, b, c, α、β、γare called the lattice constants of the unit cell. 3 Principal Metallic Crystal Structures（典型晶体结构） Most metals (about 90%) crystallize into three crystal structures: body-centered cubic (bcc), 体心立方； face-centered cubic (fcc) , 面心立方； hexagonal clo