益生菌应研究报告.pptVIP

* 益生菌在发酵乳制品中的应用 陕西师范大学食品学院 张富新 1 益生菌的概念 1.1 益生菌（Probitics, Probitic bacteria） The original definition of a probiotic was “a live microbial food supplement which beneficially affects the host animal by improving its intestinal microbial balance (Fuller,1989)”. 一种通过改善肠道微生物平衡从而对宿主施加有益影响的活性微生物食品添加物。 Probiotic bacteria are live microbial strains that, when applied in adequate doses, beneficially affect the animal by improving its intestinal microbial balance (Tiian and Maria,2003). The probitics were “a live microbial food ingredient that is beneficial to health (Salminen etal 1998)”. 1.2 益生元（Prebitics） A prebitics is a “non-digestible food ingredient that beneficially affect the host by selectively stimulating the growth and/or activity of one or a limited number of bacteria in the colon that have the protential to improve host health”(Gibson and Roberfroid,1995). 通过选择性的刺激一种或少数种菌落中的细菌的生长与活性而对寄主产生有益的影响从而改善寄主健康的不可被消化的食品成分。 益生元大多属于在人体内不易消化的寡糖（non-oligosaccharides,NDOS）如：低聚果糖、低聚木糖、低聚半乳糖、低聚异麦芽糖和水苏糖等。 1.3 合生元（Synbiotics） The definition of a synbiotic was “a mixture of probitics and prebiotics that beneficially affects the host by improving the survival and implantation of live microbial dietary supplements in the gastrointestinal tract, by selectively stimulating the growth and/or activating the metabolism of one or a limited number of health-promoting bacteria and thus improving host welfare”(Gibson and Roberfroid,1995). 美国食品药物管理局认为安全的益生菌有40 种。 青春双歧杆菌、动物双歧杆菌、婴儿双歧杆菌、长双歧杆菌、 嗜酸乳酸杆菌、嗜热性双歧杆菌、短乳杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、 干酪乳杆菌、啤酒片球菌、戊糖片球菌、费氏丙酸菌、谢曼氏 丙酸杆菌、酿酒酵母、乳酸链球菌、二乙酰乳酸链球菌、粪链球菌、 中(间)链球菌、乳链球菌、嗜热链球菌、黑曲霉、米曲霉、 凝固芽孢杆菌、粘连芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、短小芽孢杆菌、 枯草芽孢杆菌、厌氧性拟杆菌、发酵乳杆菌、纤维二糖乳杆菌、 弯曲乳杆菌、载耳布吕克氏乳杆菌、乳酸乳杆菌、胚牙乳杆菌、 罗特氏乳杆菌、肠系膜明串球菌、乳酸片球菌、毛状拟杆菌、 瘤胃拟杆菌、猪拟杆菌。 2001 年我国卫生部公布了可用于保健食品的益生菌菌种名单： 两歧双歧杆菌、婴儿双歧杆菌、长双歧杆菌、 短双歧杆菌、青春双歧杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌9种。 3 益生菌的