美国先驱者10号探测器.docVIP

Pioneer 10 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Pioneer 10 Pioneer 10 Operator ARC?/?NASA Major contractors TRW Mission type Flyby Flyby of Jupiter Launch date 1972-03-02 01:49:00?UTC(40?years, 9?months and 15?days ago) Launch vehicle Atlas/Centaur/TE364-4 Launch site Space Launch Complex 36ACape Canaveral Air Force Station Mission duration March 2, 1972 – January 23, 2003(30 years, 10 months, 22 days)(lost communication) Mission highlight Jupiter flyby?(completed 1974-01-01)Interstellar mission?(completed 1997-03-31) COSPAR ID 1972-012A Homepage Pioneer Project website(archived)NASA Archive page Mass 258?kg (570?lb) Power 155.0 W (4?SNAP-19 RTGs) Pioneer 10?(originally designated?Pioneer F) is a 258-kilogram?robotic?space probe?that completed the first mission to the planet Jupiter[1]?and became the first spacecraft to achieve?escape velocity?from theSolar System. The project was managed by the?NASA?Ames Research Center?and the spacecraft was constructed byTRW?Inc.?Pioneer 10?was assembled around a hexagonal?bus?with a 2.74?m parabolic dish high-gain antenna oriented along the spin axis. Power was supplied by four?radioisotope thermoelectric generators?that provided a combined 155?W at the start of the mission. Pioneer 10 was launched on March 2, 1972 by an?Atlas-Centaur?expendable vehicle from?Cape Canaveral,?Florida. Between July 15, 1972, and February 15, 1973, it became the first spacecraft to traverse the?asteroid belt. Imaging of?Jupiter?began November 6, 1973, at a range of 25?million?km, and a total of more than 500 images were transmitted. The closest approach to the planet was on December 4, 1973, at a range of 132,252?km. During the mission, the on-board instruments were used to study the asteroid belt, the environment around Jupiter,?solar wind,?cosmic rays, and eventually the far reaches of the solar system and?heliosphere.[1]Communication was lost on January 23, 2003, due to power constraints, with the probe at a distance of 1