固体物理Chater 9 problems.pptVIP

* 1. Brillouin zones of rectangular lattice Set the primitive translation vectors of the rectangular lattice are The unit vector perpendicular to the x-y plane is The axis vectors of the reciprocal lattice are The reciprocal lattice x y O 1st BZ 2nd BZ 2. Brillouin zone, rectangular lattice (a) Set the primitive translation vectors of the rectangular lattice are The axis vectors of the reciprocal lattice are The first Brillouin zone x y O (b) For the 2d metal with one atom of valence electron, the first Brillouin zone is half filled, i.e. the space inside the Fermi sphere is half of the first Brillouin zone. therefore x y O (c) The periodic zone sketch With the Harrison construction of the Fermi surface, one has (c) The first energy band (c) The second energy band 3. Hexagonal close-packed structure For a simple hexagonal lattice, the primitive translation vectors are The reciprocal lattice vectors are Considering a basis with m atoms, the crystal potential is the sum over all atoms in the basis where the Fourier component The shortest reciprocal lattice vector parallel to the c axis is Then For the hcp structure, there are two atom in a basis: (0, 0, 0) and (a/2, 31/2a/6, c/2) For the crystal made up of divalent atoms in a simple hexagonal lattice, the number of electrons exactly equals to the number of the orbitals in first BZ. If the energy gap is big enough, this crystal will insulator. For the crystal made up of monovalent atoms in hcp structure, the number of the electrons equals to the number of the orbitals in first BZ. However energy gap along Gc direction is zero, i.e. there is no energy between the 1st and the 2nd BZ. Hence this crystal should not be an insulator. *