词语的翻译与语言语境Cindy9.pptVIP

词语的翻译与语言语境 Each word when used in a new context is a new word. 无论在翻译的理解还是表达阶段，译者都要从一组义项或是一组近义词中做出最恰当的选择，而这一选择过程离不开对词语所处语言环境的分析。 许多翻译学习者认为，只要手头有权威词典，选词就求助词典，不用自己劳神思考，你同意吗？ P.61 根据语言语境确定原文词义 ＊搭配(collocation)指的是语言系统内各个语言成分的同现和组合,是语言语境重要组成部分. ＊根据词语的搭配关系确定词义是在翻译的理解阶段辨析词义时经常采用的手段. ＊词语与其所处的语言环境中其他语言成分的搭配关系能帮助我们辨析多义词的义项. a: “红包”一词,过年,婚庆,生日等场合所送的红包指的是 “礼金”, 应译做 gift money 单位在节假日发的红包指的是 “奖金”, 应译做 bonus 而行贿时所送的现金也称做红包, 这时应译做 bribes b: ……路上浮尘早已刮净,剩下一条洁白的大道来,车夫也跑得更快. By now the loose dust had all been blown away, leaving the roadway clean, and the rickshaw man quickened his pace. c:据传说,五十年代中期,渠边那庄子有一个黄花闺女,为了抗拒父母包办的婚姻,大白天就跑过斗渠到这屋里来上吊.这是个上吊的好地方,屋顶上没有顶棚,弯弯扭扭的木头椽子露在外面,随便哪根椽子都可以搭上绳子. As a story goes in the mid 1950s there lived in a hamlet over the other side of the gully a maiden who was in the protest against her parents’ dictatorially arranged marriage escaped in broad daylight across the gully, slipped into the hut—and hanged herself! There was no ceiling, only crooked, bare rafters overhead, conveniently accessible for a rope to hang from. A most suitable place, indeed, for such a purpose. d: 我在学校读书的时候,有所谓 “强迫运动”,我踢破过几双球鞋,打断过几只球拍.因此侥幸维持下来最低限度的体力. In my school days, in response to the so-called “compulsory physical exercises”, I went in for many sports at the expense of many pairs of sneakers and rackets, thus luckily building up a minimum of good physique. 此处的“强迫”一词不能译为forced. 根据语言语境选择译文用词 近义词的细微差别给语言的正确使用造成了不小的麻烦，在翻译的表达阶段，译者要根据译语的语言语境来调整自己的表达方式，使译文用词符合译语的规范。 ＊用词地道，搭配得当，这需要处处留心，日积月累，培养良好的英语语感，逐步提高自己的英语水平。 Peter Newmark（1981： 180）指出，用外语写作或翻译最容易出错的地方不是语法、词汇，而是搭配。 A 身体好，学习好，工作好。 Keep fit, study well and word hard. 此句中的 “好”不能统统译为good或well，而应根据keep，study和work这三个动词在英语中地道的搭配关系来选词。 B 阿Q将衣服摔在地上，吐一口唾沫，说：“这毛虫!” Ah Q flung his jacket on the ground, spat, and swore, “Hairy worm!” C “三个臭皮匠，合成一个诸葛亮”，这就是说，群众有伟大的创造力。 The old saying, “Three cobblers with their wits combined would equal Zhuge Liang the master mind,” simply means the masses have great creative power. 汉语中的简单词汇，如说、笑、看，在英译中需