2014高考英语法复习专题精讲精练形容词和副词.docVIP

一、形容词和副词的构成1.合成形容词的构成 单个形容词的构成比较复杂，考生要熟记常见的形容词的后缀（如：-able,-al,-en,-ful,-ish,-ous -y,-ly等等）。而合成形容词是有规律可循的。规 则例 词规 则例 词形容词+名词-edkind-hearted名词+形容词world-famous形容词+形容词dark-blue名词+现在分词peace-loving形容词+现在分词ordinary-looking名词+过去分词snow-covered形容词（副词）+形容词wide-awake名词+（普通）名词English-language副词+现在分词hard-working数词+名词-edthree-egged副词+过去分词newly-built数词+名词twenty-year2.副词的构成规 则例 词在形容词后加“ly”entirely curiously exactly fortunately attentively immediately将形容词的词尾“le”变“ly”comfortable—comfortably gentle—gently possible—possibly probable—probably词尾“y”变“i+ly”busy—busily easy—easily heavy—heavily angry—angrily hungry—hungrily lucky—luckily happy—happily特殊词true—truly二、形容词和副词的功能1.形容词的功能功 能举 例定语He has never seen such a more interesting film.他从来没有看过这么有趣的电影。表语I’m fine, but tired.我身体很好，但很累。The weather is getting warmer and warmer.天气变得越来越暖和。主语（宾语）补足语The fish was caught alive.这条鱼是活抓的。（主语补足语）Now you have to pull it to make the surface smooth like that.现在你必须拉动它以使表面像这样的光滑。（宾语补足语）伴随状语He spent 7days in the wind and snow,cold and hungry.他在风雪中度过了7天，又冷又饿。She stared into the distance, speechless for a long time.她盯着远处看，好长时间不讲话。与定冠词连用表示某一类人或物，在句中可作主语、宾语The rich and the poor live very different lives.富人和穷人过着不同的生活。2.副词的功能功 能举 例状语He worked hard all his life.他一辈子工作努力。He plays tennis very badly.他网球打得相当糟糕。作表语Sorry,Mr.Smith isn’t in.He is out.抱歉，史密斯先生不在，他出去了。定语On our way home,we saw a traffic accident.在回家的路上，我们目睹了一起交通事故。宾语补足语I saw you out with Mr.White yesterday morning.昨天早上我看到你和史密斯先生出去了。注意：副词主要用来作状语，只有少量的副词如：away,up,on,in,off,out等才可以用来作表语和宾语足族语。here,there可以用来作表语，还可以后置修饰名词用作定语。三、形容词在句中的位置形容词作定语通常前置，但在下列情况下后置1修饰some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等构成的复合不定代词时nobody absent, everything possible2以-able, -ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后the best book available, the only solution possible3alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等作定语时后置the only person awake4和空间、时间、单位连用时a bridge 50 meters long5成对的形容词可以后置a huge room simple and beautiful6形容词短语一般后置a man difficult to get on with7enough修饰名词时可以前置也可以后置