2011女性心血管疾病预防之血压管理_课件.pptVIP

Effectiveness-Based Guidelines for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Women—2011 Update A Guideline From the American Heart Association;Contents;Substantial progress has been made in the awareness, treatment, and prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women since the first women-specific clinical recommendations for the prevention of CVD were published by the American Heart Association (AHA) in 1999.;The myth that heart disease is a “man’s disease” has been debunked, the rate of public awareness of CVD as the leading cause of death among US women has increased from 30% in 1997 to 54% in 2009.;The age-adjusted death rate resulting from coronary heart disease (CHD) in females, which accounts for about half of all CVD deaths in women, was 95.7 per 100 000 females in 2007, a third of what it was in 1980.;Approximately 50% of this decline in CHD deaths has been attributed to reducing major risk factors and the other half to treatment of CHD including secondary preventive therapies. Hypertension is recognized as one of the main factors for CVD.;Adverse trends in CVD risk factors among women are an ongoing concern. After 65 years of age, a higher percentage of women than men have hypertension, and the gap will likely increase with the continued aging of the female population.;An optimal blood pressure of ＜120/80 mm Hg should be encouraged through lifestyle approaches such as weight control, increased physical activity, alcohol moderation, sodium restriction, and increased consumption of fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products.;Cigarette smoking;Physical activity;Women should also be advised that additional cardiovascular benefits are provided by increasing moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity to 5h (300min)/wk, 21/2h/wk of vigorous-intensity physical activity, or an equivalent combination of both.;Women should be advised to engage in muscle-strengthening activities that involve all major muscle groups performed on ≥2 d/wk.;Women who need to