人胚胎早期发生ppt课件.pptVIP

General embryology (I);1. Langmans Medical Embryology with Simbryo CD-ROM, Lippincott Williams Wilkins Publishers 9th Edition 2.高英茂主编，《组织胚胎学》，全国八年制教材，人民卫生出版社，2006 3.邹仲之，李继承主编，组织学与胚胎学，人民卫生出版社，2008 4.组胚精品课程网站：/hec/index.do;OBJECTIVES; a science which study the processes and regulations of development of human fetus.(from 1 cell (zygote合子) to (5-7) x1012 cells) total 38 weeks: preembryonic period（胚前期）: before 2 weeks;embryonic period（胚期）: 3-8 weeks;Fertilization（受精）;conditions: 1)? maturation of oocyte 2)??maturation of spermatozoa ;3)??capacitation （获能）and acrosome reaction（顶体反应） of spermatozoa capacitation factor: secreted by epi. cells of oviduct, capacity of releasing acrosome enzymes 4)??quality and quantity of spermatozoa: 2-6 ml, 100,000,000/ml, 1.5 ml; or 10,000,000; abnormal sperm 30%; or capacity for mobile 70% 5)? meeting of sperm and ovum within 24 hrs ;Processes of fertilization: Phase I Penetration of the corona radiata（放射冠）, acrosomal release Phase II Penetration of the zona pellucide（透明带） ZP with receptors – zona pellucida spongy – the release of local enzymes Phase III Entrance, formation of zygote;Entry – response Cortical or zona reactions -Compaction - impermeable to more sperm Oocyte finishes 2nd meiotic division Metabolic activation of the egg Results of fertilization Diploid Genetic sex Cleavage;Cleavage （卵裂） Mitosis Two cell stage (30h) Morula（桑椹胚） (72h) inner cell mass embryoblast outer cell rim trophoblasts Blastocyst （胚泡）(5d) Blastocoele The cells of morula secrete fluid Zona pellucide disappears;Blastocyst （胚泡）;Puberty – menstruation (28 days) Hormonal regulation GnRH FSH LH Granulosa/theca cells Estrogens Progesterones The endometrium of the uterus is in the secretory phase;Implantation（植入） -Passage through the uterine tube Day 5 –Day 11 Uterus Orientation of implantation Location - ant or post, fundus Trophoblasts overlying the embryoblast pole attach to the endometrium and begin to i