电脑的灵魂--软体.pptVIP

Agenda Hardware Review The central processing unit. Instructions The stored-program concept. Program execution. Operating System. Overview Unix, GNU, FreeBSD, Linux, … Shells (Command Interpreter) Q A 電腦硬體五大單元 計算 2+3=? CPU and main memory connected via a bus Machine Instrugctions (1/3) Machine Instructions (2/3) Machine Instructions (3/3) The Instructions of a sample machine Stored-Program Concept The composition of an instruction Program Execution(The machine cycle ) 電腦如何運作? How it works? Memory address Software Operating Systems (OS) Kernel OS components Shell Programming languages Algorithms + Data Structures = Programs Compiler vs. Interpreter Software engineering Data Base Management System (DBMS) Types of software (1/3) Applications software Performs tasks specific to the machine’s utilization. Generally transportable (即容易換到別的系統) System Software Performs tasks common to computer systems in general Startup Software (Bootstrap Loader) POST- Power On Self Test BIOS- Basic Input/Output System (Subroutines) Operating Systems vary based on the hardware they’re used on Utility Software -- Types of System Software (2/3) Operating System (OS) Shell ( also known as Command Interpreter ) Kernel Utility software Kind of System Software providing fundamental activities, yet not included with OS “extend” the OS What is the difference between them? Distinction between applications and utilities is often vague (不明確的, 不清楚的) Distinction between OS and utilities is also vague Software classification More About Shell Command Interpreter Types of shell Command driven Menu driven (restricted shell) GUI The shell as an interface between users and the operating system Command Shell examples Graphical ShellGUI – (pronounced goo-ee) The Graphical User Interface – features of the GUI… Users work with on-screen pictures called icons and with menus rather than keyed-in. ? What does Shell can do? Read Command from the user and