2014春季环境化学全英文_1_introduction_s.pptVIP

1.4.7 Measuring Toxicity LD50 LC50 LD: lethal dose LC: lethal concentration LD50 the dose of a chemical at which 50% of a group of animals (usually rats or mice) are killed (injecting) LC50 the concentration in air or water of the chemical which kills 50% of test animals. Unit： milligrams of chemical per kilogram parts per million (ppm) 1.5 Ecosystem and substantial cycles 1.5.1 ECOLOGY AND THE BIOSPHERE The Biosphere: the part of the environment consisting of organisms and living biological material. Virtually all of the biosphere is contained by the geosphere and hydrosphere in