英语四级语法的讲义.docVIP

英语四级语法讲义第40讲:被动结构与系表结构的区别?“be＋过去分词”这个结构并不都是被动语态，也可能是系表结构。被动语态与系表结构主要区别是：被动结构表示一个动作，而系表结构表示主语的特点或所处的状态，试比较下面的句子： 被动结构The enemy was soon surrounded by us. 系表结构The house is surrounded by trees. 被动结构She was bitten by the dog in the darkness. 系表结构I was excited by the news that my husband got promoted. 英语四级语法讲义第41讲:短语动词的被动语态?有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。 【例如】 The meeting is to be put off till Friday. Women were looked down upon in the past in China. The out of date teaching method must be done away with. Dont worry, everything will be attended to in good time. The poor child was laughed at by his classmates because he failed his exams. The children are taken good care of by the teacher. 这类可用被动语态的“动词＋介词/副词”词组还有：depend on, make use of, bring about, put forward, send for, talk about, bring up, put on, think over, call off等 英语四级语法讲义第42讲:非谓语动词的被动语态?非谓语动词的各种形式也有被动语态，一般常用的是一般体和完成体的被动语态，如下表： 非谓语动词 被动语态形式 一般 不定式 　 to be done 动名词 being done 现在分词 being done 完成 不定式 to have been done 动名词 having been done 现在分词 having been done 　　例如: 　　It is a great honor for him to have been elected a model worker. (不定式完成体的被动语态)This new teaching method has the advantage ofshavingsbeen tried a number of times by experienced teachers. (动名词完成体的被动语态 英语四级语法讲义第43讲:被动语态的构成?被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以give为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：一般现在时：am/is/are＋given 【例句】 The first section of New College English is designed for speaking practice and is based on pictures and topics. 一般过去时：was/were＋given 【例句】 These computers were made in our own country. 一般将来时：will/shall be＋given 【例句】 Shall we be asked to attend the opening ceremony? Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection ____to the nation. (CET-4 1996, 6) A) has left B) is to leave C) leaves D) is to be left 本句意思为：78岁的Denis先生声明他将把他的大多数收藏品留给国家。所以leave应用一般将来时的被动形式。一般将来时可以用来be to do sth表达，因此答案为D. 过去将来时：would be＋given 【例句】 The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived