砷特性和研究方法.docxVIP

2. PROPERTIES AND ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES2.1 IdentityElemental arsenic (As) is a member of Group 15 of the periodic table, with nitrogen, phosphorus, antimony and bismuth. It has an atomic number of 33 and an atomic mass of 74.91. The Chemical Abstract Service (CAS), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemicals (RTECS), Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), European Commission, and UN transport class numbers are 7440-38-2, HSB 509, CG 05235 000, 033-001-00-X and UN 1558, respectively.This monograph deals with arsenic and inorganic and organic arsenic compounds, except arsine (AsH3), for which a Concise International Chemical Assessment Document (CICAD) is being prepared.2.2 Chemical and physical properties of arsenic compoundsArsenic is a metalloid widely distributed in the earth’s crust. It can exist in four valency states; –3, 0, +3, and +5. In strongly reducing environments, elemental arsenic and arsine (–3) can exist. Under moderately reducing conditions, arsenite (+3) may be the dominant form, but arsenate (+5) is generally the stable oxidation state in oxygenated environments.Arsenic and its compounds occur in crystalline, powder, amorphous or vitreous forms. They usually occur in trace quantities in all rock, soil, water and air. However, concentrations may be higher in certain areas as a result of weathering and anthropogenic activities including metal mining and smelting, fossil fuel combustion and pesticide use.Arsenical salts exhibit a range of aqueous solubilities depending on the pH and the ionic environment.There are many arsenic compounds of environmental importance. Representative marine arsenic-containing compounds, of which some are found in terrestrial systems, are shown in Table 1; their molecular structures are shown Fig. 1. Other arsenic compounds discussed in the text are listed in Table 2.Table 1. Naturally occurring inorganic and organic As species(see Fig. 1 for structures [1]–[22])CAS No.NameS