二战后地英国经济.pptVIP

3） During the 2nd World War and post-war era, the UK had experienced an economic decline since 1945. This is a relative decline rather than an absolute one. Actually Britain was more wealthier and more productive than it was in 1945, but since other countries developed more rapidly , people have such an impression. A. It has dropped from being the 2nd largest economy to being the 6th. This causes relative declines after the 2nd World War : B. Britain had gone heavily into debt in order to finance the 2nd World War. During the war, it sold many of its accumulated overseas assets (长期积累的海外资产，英国在历史上有很多海外殖民地)and borrowed large amount from U.S. and Canada. C. British colonies which used to provide raw materials and big markets gained Independence one after another. D. Britain was heavily burdened with the huge military expenditure during the process of decolonization. E. Britain also lacked the investment in modern equipment and new products, and low output in old industries. F. long-standing economic problem ----- a lack of close relationship between bank and industries. 所谓Absolute Decline and Relative Decline 绝对衰退和相对衰退，是相对而言。英国经济其实一直在不断发展中，但因其他国家发展速度较之英国更快，所以英国的经济才显得相对衰退。 2． Economic story after World War II A. By the mid-1950’s , things were definitely rosy for Britain: unemployment was low; wages were far higher than before the war; more and more people were buying cars and going on holidays. B. By the 1960s, Britain was one of the world’s leading industrial as well as nuclear powers, a “permissive age” for many British people. C．In the 1970s, Britain was beset with troubles both at home and abroad. Although Britain’s rate of economic growth averaged 2%—3% annually up to 1971, yet the rate dropped considerably in subsequent years. The optimism of the 1960s disappeared. The oil embargo(石油禁运) declared by Opec and coal-miners’ strike at home forced the government to declare the State of Emergency in 1973. Edward Heath’s Conservative Government was brought down at