基于超声波的检测防撞系统的设计论文.docVIP

PAGE 齐 齐 哈 尔 大 学 毕业设计（论文） 题 目 基于超声波的检测防撞系统的设计 学 院 通信与电子工程学院 专业班级 电子信息工程052班 学生姓名 张 健 指导教师 题 原 成 绩 2009年6月15日 齐齐哈尔大学毕业设计（论文） PAGE 41 摘 要 随着现代社会工业化程度的高度发展，交通安全问题已成为各国亟待解决的课题，解决这个问题的根本措施在于对行进中的汽车进行自动跟踪测距，在危险距离内自动刹车。基于超声波的检测防撞系统是根据超声波在介质中沿直线传播，具有良好指向性的特点，并充分利用其对色彩和光照度不敏感，以及响应速度快的性质而设计的。该系统以单片机为控制核心，以超声波探头为传感器，根据超声波的测距原理测出汽车离障碍物的距离，应用汇编语言进行软件编程测出汽车的行驶速度，最后利用最小二乘的迭代算法完成测量定位的精确调整，从而实现对障碍物的实时检测和精确测距，以及汽车的防撞报警功能。本系统具有成本低、精度高、实时性好、可靠性高、可工作于恶劣环境等优点，有较高的实际应用价值和广阔的应用前景。 关键词：超声波检测；防撞系统；最小二乘法；自动刹车 Abstract With the industrialization of modern society highly developed, safety issue has become urgent to resolve the issue, to solve this problem is a fundamental measure of automotive on the road to automatic tracking range, in the risk of automatic braking distance. Ultrasonic testing collision avoidance system is based on ultrasonic along a straight line in the media spread, have good directional characteristics, and make full use of their degrees of color and is not sensitive , as well as faster response to the nature and the design. The system for the control of single-chip core,to probe for ultrasonic sensors, use according to the principle of ultrasonic ranging to detect obstacles on the distance from the vehicle, assembly language programming software to detect vehicle speed, and finally the use of least squares to complete the iterative algorithm to adjust the precise position measurement, to achieve Real-time obstacle detection and accurate location. As well as the vehicle anti-collision alarm function. The system has low cost, high accuracy and good real-time, high reliability and harsh environment in the work of the advantages of the practical application of high value and broad application prospects. Key words: Ultrasonic wave testing; Collision avoidance system; Least square meth