斯伦贝谢射孔技术课件.pptVIP

This slide backs up the discussion from the previous. The rock photos are thin sections of sandstone from virgin rock and the crushed zone around a perforation. The perforation photo is from a lab experiment where the perforations were cleaned up completely. This is what the perforations should look like properly cleaned up. * * Providing we get the perforation through the damaged zone (drilling and fluids related damage) by at least 50% of the damage zone depth it is the Kc/K ratio that drives productivity. The points made on this slide are arrived at using SPAN. It is important to make it clear that we can reduce the shot density and/or the shot penetration and still get improved productivity providing the perforations are clean…ie a Kc/K of 1.0. The following slides show this graphically. * * This graph shows various simulations from SPAN where the depth of damage is varied along with Kc/K all at 6 spf. The “0” point is where the penetration and depth of damage is the same distance from the wellbore. On the + side penetration is greater that damage….on the (-) side the penetration is less than the depth of damage It illustrates how, as Kc/K improves productivity improves…..keep this picture in your mind and now move to the next slide which is at 12 spf. * * All is the same compared to the last slide apart from the shot density. Note how the PURE PR improves a bit but not as dramatically as the lines with the poorer Kc/K relationships. PURE can deliver more with less….. * * This is where the industry has been with regard to perforation job design. The PURE will change this Paradigm. * * The 1st question is asked when planning a completion. Typically we will compute a required underbalance using SPAN which uses the formulas from Behrmann’s paper. The second question is a general one for the audience. Experiments show that we do not always get the underbalance that is expected due to fluid column irregularities, rat hole volumes, gun detonation transie