动物生理学3.血液-上幻灯片.pptVIP

Chapter 3 Blood The Function of Blood A giant transportation system, O2, CO2, nutrients, wastes, hormone, etc homeostatic funtion. Organism tries to keep blood composition stable and it help to hold interstitial environment stability Buffer system, to maintain the pH, temperature etc Defense, Defense against blood loss or bleeding (hemostasis), blood coagulation; Defense against foreign biological material or immunological defense Note: To realise those functions blood has to be permanently circulating 3.1 Composition and Physical and chemical Properties of Blood 3.1.1 Blood Composition Plasma 50~55% Blood Blood cell (corpuscles, formed elements) 45~50% 3.1.1.1 Plasma Water 93% Protein 65~85g/L (Albumin MW 69 000, Globulin 170 000, Fibrinogen 40 000) Electrolyte (Na+,Cl－, HCO3－ ) Other substances 3.1.1.2 Blood cell (formed element) Red blood cell (RBC, erythrocyte) White blood cell (WBC, leukocyte) Platelet (thrombocyte) Blood volume is about 7~8% of body weight, about 5 L in a average adult human Blood volume is determined by injecting a known amount of dye like Evan blue into the blood stream and determining its concentration after it mixes with the total circulating blood and before it disappear from the circulation (about 10 min ) 　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　Amount of injected dye Plasma Volume= Concentration of dye in blood Plasma volume x 100 Total blood volume= % plasma 3.1.3 Physical and chemical Properties of Blood Osmotic pressure of plasma ( 300 mOsm for human) crystal osmotic pressure (298.7 mOsm) colloid osmotic pressure (1.3 mOsm) Plasma pH 7.35~7.45 for human Specific gravity of blood 1.050~1.060 Specific gravity of plasma 1,025~1.030 Viscosity of blood about 5 times greater than that of water, is markedly influenced by the concentrati