(AR)常染色体隐性遗传病.pptVIP

营养基因组学及其个性化健康评估 张咸宁 zhangxianning@ Tel Office: C303, Teaching Building 2015/04 Why Nutrigenomics? → What is Life? LIFE = Structure + Energy + Information Nutrition is the process that offers different substances to an organism that can work as energy supplier (carbohydrate and fat), as cell structure sources (proteins), and on metabolism control (vitamins and minerals), thus maintaining its homeostasis稳态 The nutritional state of an individual is the result of the interaction between various factors, such as genetic background, physical body, and emotional and social state. Diet is a key role factor, once those nutrients and other bioactive compounds present in food can either be beneficial or initiate several diseases Among the illnesses related to food consumption, there are the celiac disease, phenylketonuria, and NTCDs (nontransmissible chromic diseases), such as cancer, diabetes, and dislipidemias血脂异常 Nutrigenomics (Nutritional genomics): the study of how food and components of food affect gene expression. The study of the interactions between our genetic makeup and the foods we consume, and the health outcomes that may occur. 营养基因组学：研究食物如何影响个体的遗传信息的表达，以及个体的基因组成是如何代谢营养物质、生物活性物质并对它们做出何种反应。 The goal of nutritional genomics to provide a platform from which a dietary regimen（饮食养生）can be tailored to affect individual genetic profiles, potentially increasing the risk of developing a chronic disease or cancer, with the expectation that the onset（发病）of these conditions may be delayed or prevented if intervention occurs early enough. 营养基因组学的5项基本原则 普通膳食中的化学成分直接或间接地对人类基因组有所影响，会改变基因的表达或基因的结构。 在某些特殊环境，或对于某些特定的个体，膳食可能是一系列疾病的潜在威胁因素。 一些膳食调控基因（以及正常或常见的变异）可能在慢性疾病的发生、进展和严重程度中发挥作用。 膳食对健康和疾病状态之间平衡关系的影响程度可能与个体的遗传背景有关。 建立在营养需求、营养状态以及基因型（即“个体化营养”）基础上的膳食干预治疗，可用于预防、减轻或治愈慢性疾病。 General organization of human genome Conservation vs. Variation 人类遗传病