在基建项目中实劳工标准试点国家的教训.pptVIP

DFID’s Social Aspects of Construction (SAC) programme由国际发展部资助的建筑业社会问题(SAC)研究项目 Implementing labour standards in infrastructure programmes: lessons from country pilots 在基建项目中实施劳工标准 试点国家的教训 Mary Jennings Consultant The 9 Labour Standards 9个国际劳工标准 4 core (ILO) Freedom of association Forced labour Child labour Discrimination 5 broader Health Safety Wages Hours pay Casualisation Social Security The international context 国际背景 Organisations working on labour standards in infrastructure: The ILO The World Bank Trade Unions Multilaterals: ADB, IFC, EU, BNDES Bilaterals: DFID, JICA, DANIDA NGOs Labour Standards Poverty劳工标准与贫穷 Construction sector – world’s largest employer of temporary workers Impact on livelihoods Decent working conditions Security of employment Economic security protection from “shocks” Rights, freedoms, dignity, well-being Promotes productivity Normal site practice – 试点our starting point 我们的出发点 Notes from site visit, Zambia 2001 4 consecutive union reps dismissed Workers paid $0.68 per day (below min wage) Workers kept as casuals for years to avoid SS Injured workers pay own hospital treatment No women employed No overtime pay Water initially provided then stopped Practical challenges 实际挑战 Gaps between law and practice Low capacity of local private sector firms Constraints in operating environment - access to credit, plant, timely payment Initial resistance Government bias to lowest bid Sustainability? ‘Informal practices’ - incorrect certification level, falsification of records, leakage Things we knew we had to do in the SAC programme：所要做的： Base contract clauses on national law/ include social clauses Identify processes and issues for implementation monitoring Make capacity building a central aspect of the programme Provide incentives for contractors Inform workers - and reward them for compliance Address wider constraints - as far as possible - in collaboration with others (government, donors etc.) Labour standards: the SAC s