A level biology讲义6 Genetic control.docVIP

F Genetic control Ⅰ Syllabus Contents 1 Structure and replication of DNA Structure: double helix The basic unit is nucleotide. A nucleotide is made of a 5-carbon sugar(deoxyribose), a phophate and a nitrogen base. Four nitrogen bases in DNA are: A(adenine), C(cytosine), G(guanine) and T(thymine). A = T(2 hydrogen bonds) CG(3 hydrogen bonds) Semi-conservative replication: the DNA double helix unzips, and each strand serves as a template for the formation of a new strand. The new molecules each consist of one old strand and one new strand. Direction: from 5 to 3 end. 2 Role of DNA in protein syn