改变人类的发明(英文版).docVIP

One of the greatest inventions that changed our lives —— Airplane For thousands of years, our ancestors had dreamed to fly like birds. Finally one day, the dream came true. Nowadays, we can fly faster than birds, we can fly further than birds, and we can?fly?higher?than?birds. No matter how far the destination was, no matter it was a business trip or traveling, we went there by airplanes. Airplanes have changed our lives. It delivered convenience to us. Well, here we are. Early history Cayleys first innovation was to study the basic science of lift by adopting the whirling arm test rig for use in aircraft research and using simple aerodynamic models on the arm, rather than attempting to fly a model of a complete design. In 1799 he set down the concept of the modern airplane as a fixed-wing flying machine with separate systems for lift, propulsion, and control. In 1804 Cayley constructed a model glider which was the first modern heavier-than-air flying machine, having the layout of a conventional modern aircraft with an inclined wing towards the front and adjustable tail at the back with both tailplane and fin. A movable weight allowed adjustment of the models center of gravity. In 1848 he had progressed far enough to construct a glider in the form of a triplane large and safe enough to carry a child. A local boy was chosen but his name is not known. He went on to publish in 1852 the design for a full-size manned glider or governable parachute to be launched from a balloon and then to construct a version capable of launching from the top of a hill, which carried the first adult aviator across Brompton Dale in 1853. At the age of steam, Hensons 1842 design for an aerial steam carriage broke new ground drawing directly from Cayleys work. Although only a design, it was the first in history for a propeller-driven fixed-wing aircraft. The Wright Brothers Using a methodological approach and concentrating on the control ability of the aircraft, the brothers built and test